“Imagination, Creativity and Art”
Art and Aesthetics in the Enactive Fold
For centuries, Buddhist cultures throughout Asia have produced sublime works of art — painting, sculpture, architecture, poetry, literature. Yet there is no theory of aesthetics in Buddhism that would enable us to incorporate the practice of the arts into the practice of the dharma. Not only do the terms “imagination” and “creativity” seem to have no exact equivalents in classical Buddhist languages, the arts are often dismissed as a distraction from “true” practice. At best they are seen to serve as ways to support one’s faith by providing inspiring images of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas as aids to devotion. Only in the Chan/Son/Zen traditions of East Asia is the practice of the arts encouraged as an integral part of dharma practice itself.
I will argue that there are in fact key terms in classical Buddhism that suggest a positive valuation of creativity. But these terms have usually been interpreted as denoting either ethical or magical qualities rather than aesthetic or imaginative ones. Drawing on my work as a photographer and collage artist over several decades, I will explore how a practice of the arts can be an enactment of one’s spiritual practice. We will consider how the dharma can be understood as a way of engaging with the elements of one’s mind, body and everyday environment as the raw materials for one’s art. Rather than being a marginal or even suspect activity, I will propose that creative practices are crucial in helping us conceive of and realise a world where human beings can flourish both individually and communally.
Stephen Batchelor
Stephen Batchelor is a writer, translator, teacher and artist. Born in 1953, he was ordained as a Buddhist monk at the age of twenty-one and spent ten years training in the Tibetan Geluk and Korean Son orders. Stephen has translated Shantideva’s A Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life (1979) and Nagarjuna’s Verses from the Center (2001), and is the author of Buddhism without Beliefs (1997), Living with the Devil (2004), Confession of a Buddhist Atheist (2010), After Buddhism (2015), The Art of Solitude (2020), and Buddha, Socrates, and Us (2025). He has also co-authored What is This? Ancient Questions for Modern Minds (2019), with his wife, Martine Batchelor. In 2015, he co-founded Bodhi College, a European educational project dedicated to the understanding and application of early Buddhism. He lives in south-west France with his wife Martine.